Methodology · v2.9

CRTRReturn on Investment

5-year average Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) for {legal_name} (%). EXTRACTION RULES — TIERED (do not bail before tier-3): ROIC = NOPAT / Invested Capital. TIER 1 (PREFERRED): independent financial database that publishes ROIC time-series directly — StockAnalysis.com, Macrotrends.net, Gurufocus.com, WiseSheets, finbox. These compute the 5y ROIC series for any listed issuer of any country; read the 5-year average or compute the mean of the last 5 annual values. TIER 2: compute from the annual filing — NOPAT = operating income × (1 − effective tax rate); Invested Capital = total debt + total equity − cash. Use the last 5 fiscal years from annual reports / 10-K / 20-F / bilancio consolidato. TIER 3: if exact ROIC unavailable, use ROCE (Return on Capital Employed) or ROA as a documented proxy and state the proxy in _reasoning. ABSOLUTE BAIL only if NONE of tier 1/2/3 yields a figure. Cite the source URL(s). For capital-intensive issuers (manufacturing, energy, industrial, utilities) ROIC is ALWAYS computable from public financials — returning absent is a protocol violation. Return exact_numerical{value: <roic_5y_avg_pct>, unit: "percent", source_urls: [...]}. Server applies ratio_band (<5→25, 5-15→50, 15-25→75, 25+→90) — DO NOT compute any 0-100 score.